1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4
Linux Professional Institute Certification — 102
Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Andrew Eager andrew.eager@aes-pl.com.au Geoffrey Robertson ge@ffrey.com Nick Urbanik nicku@nicku.org
This document Licensed under GPL—see section 9
License of this Document
2005 July
Outline
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache License of this Document
Topic 113 Networking Services [24]
Where we are up to
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective
1.113.1 Configure and manage inetd, xinetd, and related services [4] 1.113.2 Operate and perform basic configuration of sendmail [4] 1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache [4] 1.113.4 Properly manage the NFS, smb, and nmb daemons [4] 1.113.5 Setup and configure basic DNS services [4] 1.113.7 Set up secure shell (OpenSSH) [4]
Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache License of this Document
Description of Objective
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache
Candidates should be able to modify simple parameters in Apache configuration files, start, stop, and restart httpd, arrange for automatic restarting of httpd upon boot. Does not include advanced custom configuration of Apache.
Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache License of this Document
Key files, terms, and utilities include:
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective
httpd.conf — main configuration file for Apache apachectl — a program to send commands to a running Apache server, especially the graceful command httpd — the Apache server program
Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache License of this Document
Operate and Perform Basic Configuration of Apache
Resources of Interest
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
Apache home page: http://httpd.apache.org
Configuring Apache License of this Document
Apache
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources
Apache is a web server (http daemon) Default on all Linux distros Most popular web server on the internet Named after the number of patches to orginal source code Provides both HTTP and HTTPS (SSL) as standard Other features added with modules (eg cgi)
Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache License of this Document
Starting and Stopping Apache
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context
Apache can be started:
On demand through inetd or xinetd As a daemon
Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache License of this Document
Normally started as daemon to reduce connect delay Uses standard SysV start/stop semantics
Debian, Red Hat: $ sudo /etc/init.d/apache start ← Red Hat/Fedora: $ sudo service httpd start ←
An alternative is apachectl
$ sudo service httpd graceful ← actually calls apachectl
apachectl
apachectl is a management utility. To use it: $ sudo apachectl command ←
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache
command start stop restart fullstatus graceful configtest help
function Start the daemon Stop the daemon Restart or start the daemon Report status of server (requires lynx) Gracefully restart the server Test config file syntax Display commands
Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache License of this Document
httpd Options
The httpd deamon can be run directly if needed. On Debian the daemon is called apache.
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache
Option -v -V -h -l -L -S -t -T
Function Shows version Shows compile configuration List all cmd line parameters List compiled in modules List config directives Shows parsed settings (virtual hosts only) Test config file & doc root Test config file only
Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters
Configuring Apache License of this Document
Outline
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters
Configuring Apache License of this Document
httpd options with parameters
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective
The following options take parameters: Parameter -D name -d directory -f file -C "directive" -c "directive" Function Defines a name for use in IfDefine name Defines an alternate server root Set a new configuration file Process directive before reading config file Process directive after reading config file
Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters
Configuring Apache License of this Document
Configuring Apache
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources
Apache originally (a decade ago) used 3 configuration files:
httpd.conf — Server settings srm.conf — File types & doc specs access.conf — Security settings
Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
All configuration is now done in httpd.conf Normally located in /etc/httpd/conf
License of this Document
Outline
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Site-wide Directives
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context
Directive ServerAdmin ServerName DocumentRoot ServerRoot ServerType MinSpareServers MaxSpareServers StartServers MaxClients
Function Sets email address for admin Sets the name of the server Sets the root for content served Sets root for server files standalone or inetd No of free httpd’s before starting more No of free httpd’s before killing some No of httpd’s to start Maximum no of httpd’s to run at once.
Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Outline
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Directory block Directives
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources
You can set directives so that thay only apply to a particular part of the content directory tree. For example: AllowOverride None This says that the .htaccess file can not override settings for this directory
Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Outline
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Access Control
This directive controls who can access what directories on your site. This is about the only directive that needs to be changed from an ‘off-the-shelf’ configuration if you don’t want external users to access your site. order deny,allow deny from all allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 allow from .c222 This says to deny first then allow. The result is that only users in the .c222 domain and the localhost will be able to access the server.
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Outline
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options
httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Other Directives
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
There are a large number of configuration directives. These are grouped as follows: Aliases and Redirects Default pages User Web Directories (site content in a users home) MIME types CGI files Directory Browsing Authentication Virtual hosts (multiple sites on one host) Logging directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
Topics Covered
Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options httpd Options with Parameters Configuring Apache Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache
Site-wide Directives Directory block Directives Access Control Other Directives
License of this Document
License of this Document
1.113.3 Operate and perform basic configuration of Apache Weight 4 Andrew Eager Context Objective
Copyright c 2005, 2003 Andrew Eager , Geoffrey Robertson and Nick Urbanik . Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies or modified versions of this document provided that this copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation—either version 2 of the License or (at your option) any later version.
Resources Intro to Apache Starting and Stopping Apache apachectl httpd options Configuring Apache License of this Document