– General Linux 1 – Conﬁgure Fundamental BIOS Settings [3]
(Linux Professional Institute Certiﬁcation)
a .˜. /V\ // \\ @._.@ by: geoffrey robertson geoffrey@zip.com.au

$Id: gl1.101.1.slides.tex,v 1.4 2003/05/30 04:56:33 waratah Exp $

c 2002 Geoffrey Robertson. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies or modiﬁed versions of this document provided that this copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation—either version 2 of the License or (at your option) any later version.

a Copyright

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Conﬁgure BIOS Fundamental Settings [3]
(1.1) 101 Hardware & Architecture [11]
1.101.1 Conﬁgure BIOS Fundamental Settings [3] 1.101.3 Conﬁgure Modem and Sound Cards [2] 1.101.4 Setup SCSI Devices [2] 1.101.5 Set Up Different PC Expansion Cards [2] 1.101.6 Conﬁgure Communication Devices [2] 1.101.7 Set Up USB devices [2]

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Conﬁgure BIOS Fundamental Settings [3]
Objective
Candidates should be able to conﬁgure fundamental system hardware by making the correct settings in the system BIOS. This objective includes a proper understanding of BIOS conﬁguration issues such as the use of LBA on IDE hard disks larger than 1024 cylinders, enabling or disabling integrated peripherals, as well as conﬁguring systems with (or without) external peripherals such as keyboards. It also includes the correct setting for IRQ, DMA and I/O addresses for all BIOS administrated ports and settings for error handling.

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Conﬁgure Fundamental BIOS Settings [3]
Key ﬁles, terms, and utilities
/proc/ioports /proc/interrupts /proc/dma /proc/pci

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Conﬁgure Fundamental BIOS Settings [3]
Resources of interest
Large Disk HOWTO by Andries Brouwer http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Large-Disk-HOWTO.html

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The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System.

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The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System. • System reset and initialisation

6-a

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System. • System reset and initialisation • Basic main memory test (RAM)

6-b

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System. • System reset and initialisation • Basic main memory test (RAM) • Test the presence of various devices

6-c

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System. • System reset and initialisation • Basic main memory test (RAM) • Test the presence of various devices • On board peripheral selection

6-d

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System. • System reset and initialisation • Basic main memory test (RAM) • Test the presence of various devices • On board peripheral selection • Low level device conﬁguration

6-e

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System. • System reset and initialisation • Basic main memory test (RAM) • Test the presence of various devices • On board peripheral selection • Low level device conﬁguration • Selection of boot devices

6-f

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System. • System reset and initialisation • Basic main memory test (RAM) • Test the presence of various devices • On board peripheral selection • Low level device conﬁguration • Selection of boot devices • Locating an operating system

6-g

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Responsible for bring the hardware to a state at which it is ready to boot an Operating System. • System reset and initialisation • Basic main memory test (RAM) • Test the presence of various devices • On board peripheral selection • Low level device conﬁguration • Selection of boot devices • Locating an operating system • The BIOS may have password access enabled
6-h

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Accessing BIOS Setup
The various vendors have different ways of entering the BIOS menu system • Del • F2 • Fn Setup • Special Boot Floppy •

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The PC Firmware—BIOS
Boot devices
• Floppy • CDROM / DVD • IDE Disk • SCSI Disk • Network • Zip / Jazz • USB Disk

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The PC Firmware—BIOS
Resource Assignment
• PC’s have memory mapped I/O and devices must not have overlapping I/O Addresses

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The PC Firmware—BIOS
Resource Assignment
• PC’s have memory mapped I/O and devices must not have overlapping I/O Addresses • Devices sharing interrupts such as ttyS0 and ttyS2 must not be used at the same time

9-a

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Resource Assignment
• PC’s have memory mapped I/O and devices must not have overlapping I/O Addresses • Devices sharing interrupts such as ttyS0 and ttyS2 must not be used at the same time • Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows some devices to access memory directly, rather than via the CPU

9-b

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Resource Assignment
• PC’s have memory mapped I/O and devices must not have overlapping I/O Addresses • Devices sharing interrupts such as ttyS0 and ttyS2 must not be used at the same time • Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows some devices to access memory directly, rather than via the CPU • Some PCI controllers may have to be in a Bus Mastering Slot

9-c

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Resource Assignment
• PC’s have memory mapped I/O and devices must not have overlapping I/O Addresses • Devices sharing interrupts such as ttyS0 and ttyS2 must not be used at the same time • Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows some devices to access memory directly, rather than via the CPU • Some PCI controllers may have to be in a Bus Mastering Slot • PCI devices may share a common interrupt

9-d

The PC Firmware—BIOS
Common Device Settings
Device ttyS0 ttyS1 ttyS2 ttyS3 lp0 lp1 fd0, fd1 fd2, fd3 I/O Address 3F8 2F8 3E8 2E8 378-37F 278-27F 3F0-3F7 370-377 IRQ 4 3 4 3 7 5 6 10 DMA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 3

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The PC Firmware—BIOS
1023 Cylinder Limit
• Ten bit addressing of cylinders—11 1111 11112 = 102310

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The PC Firmware—BIOS
1023 Cylinder Limit
• Ten bit addressing of cylinders—11 1111 11112 = 102310 • Large Block Addressing (LBA) used for disks larger than 1023 cylinders (≈8Gb)

11-a

The PC Firmware—BIOS
1023 Cylinder Limit
• Ten bit addressing of cylinders—11 1111 11112 = 102310 • Large Block Addressing (LBA) used for disks larger than 1023 cylinders (≈8Gb) • The boot loader must be below cylinder 1024

11-b

The PC Firmware—BIOS
1023 Cylinder Limit
• Ten bit addressing of cylinders—11 1111 11112 = 102310 • Large Block Addressing (LBA) used for disks larger than 1023 cylinders (≈8Gb) • The boot loader must be below cylinder 1024 • Older versions of LILO must have /boot (the kernel) entirely below cylinder 1024

11-c

The PC Firmware—BIOS
1023 Cylinder Limit
• Ten bit addressing of cylinders—11 1111 11112 = 102310 • Large Block Addressing (LBA) used for disks larger than 1023 cylinders (≈8Gb) • The boot loader must be below cylinder 1024 • Older versions of LILO must have /boot (the kernel) entirely below cylinder 1024 • The Grub bootloader does not have these restrictions

11-d

Viewing /proc/*
/proc/dma
$ cat /proc/dma ← 4: cascade

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/proc/interrupts
$ cat /proc/interrupts ← CPU0 0: 2623139 XT-PIC timer 1: 11619 XT-PIC keyboard 2: 0 XT-PIC cascade 5: 73992 XT-PIC Maestro3(i) 8: 1 XT-PIC rtc 11: 308 XT-PIC usb-uhci, Texas Instruments PCI4451 PC card Cardbus Controller, Texas Instruments PCI4451 PC card Cardbus Controller, eth0 12: 926438 XT-PIC PS/2 Mouse 14: 504452 XT-PIC ide0 NMI: 0 ERR: 0

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/proc/ioports
$ cat /proc/ioports ← 0000-001f : dma1 0020-003f : pic1 0040-005f : timer 0060-006f : keyboard 0070-007f : rtc 0080-008f : dma page reg 00a0-00bf : pic2 00c0-00df : dma2 00f0-00ff : fpu 01f0-01f7 : ide0 02f8-02ff : serial(auto) 0378-037a : parport0 03c0-03df : vga+

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/proc/pci
$ cat /proc/pci ← PCI devices found: Bus 0, device 0, function 0: Host bridge: Intel Corp. 82815 815 Chipset Host Bridge and Memory Controller Hub (rev 2). Prefetchable 32 bit memory at 0xe4000000 [0xe7ffffff]. Bus 0, device 1, function 0: PCI bridge: PCI device 8086:1131 (Intel Corp.) (rev 2). Master Capable. Latency=32. Min Gnt=12. Bus 0, device 30, function 0: PCI bridge: Intel Corp. 82820 820 (Camino 2) Chipset PCI (-M) (rev 3). Master Capable. No bursts. Min Gnt=6.

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The End

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