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1.112.1 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Weight 4
Linux Professional Institute Certiﬁcation — 102

ftp telnet host ping dig traceroute whois
(2.2) Networking Fundamentals [14] 1.112.1 Fundamentals of TCP/IP [4] 1.112.3 TCP/IP conﬁguration and troubleshooting [7] 1.112.4 Conﬁgure Linux as a PPP client [3] Fundamentals of TCP/IP [4] Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of network fundamentals. This objective includes the understanding of IP-addresses, network masks and what they mean (i.e. determine a network and broadcast address for a host based on its subnet mask in "dotted quad" or abbreviated notation or determine the network address, broadcast address and netmask when given an IP-address and number of bits). It also covers the understanding of the network classes and classless subnets (CIDR) and the reserved addresses for private network use. It includes the understanding of the function and application of a default route. It also includes the understanding of basic internet protocols (IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP) and the more common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 119, 139, 143, 161). Fundamentals of TCP/IP [4] /etc/services ftp telnet host ping dig traceroute whois Fundamentals of TCP/IP [4] TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 The Protocols by W. Richard Stevens Addison Wesley LPIC 1 Certiﬁcation Bible Angie Nash and Jason Nash Hungry Minds

Geoffrey Robertson ge@ffrey.com Nick Urbanik nicku@nicku.org 2005 July
Description of Objective

Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of network fundamentals. This objective includes the understanding of IP-addresses, network masks and what they mean (i.e. determine a network and broadcast address for a host based on its subnet mask in "dotted quad" or abbreviated notation or determine the network address, broadcast address and netmask when given an IP-address and number of bits). It also covers the understanding of the network classes and classless subnets (CIDR) and the reserved addresses for private network use. It includes the understanding of the function and application of a default route. It also includes the understanding of basic internet protocols (IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP) and the more common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 119, 139, 143, 161).
Key ﬁles, terms, and utilities include:

/etc/services

3 IP addressing This objective includes the understanding of IP-addresses, network masks and what they mean (i.e. determine a network and broadcast address for a host based on its subnet mask in "dotted quad" or abbreviated notation or determine the network address, broadcast address and netmask when given an IP-address and number of bits). IP Address Classes (Classic)
1 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 - 0.0.0.0 01111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 - 127.255.255.255 2 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 - 128.0.0.0 10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 - 191.255.255.255 3 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 - 192.0.0.0 11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111 - 223.255.255.255

4 DoD Layer Model Application ftp, telnet, mail, http protocols Transport TCP , UDP protocols Network IP, ICMP, IGMP protocols Link Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI Basic Internet Protocols IP ICMP TCP UDP Ports and Port Numbers $ less /etc/services ftp 21/tcp ftp 21/udp ssh 22/tcp ssh 22/udp 23/tcp telnet telnet 23/udp # 24 - private mail system smtp 25/tcp smtp 25/udp 37/tcp time Ports and Port Numbers
FTP 20, 21 Telnet 23 SSH 22 smtp 25 DNS 53 http 80 pop3 110 nntp 119

IP Address - Loopback Reserved Space 127.0.0.0 — 127.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 localhost IP Address - Private Networks There are IP ranges set aside for privite address spaces. These should not be made visible on the internet. 10.0.0.0 -- 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 -- 172.32.255.255 192.168.0.0 -- 192.168.255.255 IP Address - Subneting Network: 192.168.192.0 Subnet: 255.255.255.224 IP Address - Default Route # route add default gw 192.168.1.1

fsp fspd # SSH Remote Login Protocol # SSH Remote Login Protocol

mail mail timserver

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netbios 137, 138, 139 imap2 143 snmp 161

Port Number vRanges Original reserved ports (till 1992) (256-1023 UNIX) Well Known or Famous Port Numbers - Reserved Unprivileged The End License Of This Document