\documentclass{ictlab}

\RCS $Revision: 1.1 $

\usepackage{alltt,key,xr,cols}
\externaldocument[lt-]%
{../../linux_training-plus-config-files-ossi/build/masterfile}

\ifx\pdftexversion\undefined \else
  \usepackage[pdfpagemode=None,pdfauthor={Nick Urbanik}]{hyperref}
\fi

\newcommand*{\labTitle}{SOLUTIONS\\Shell Programming---an Introduction}
\renewcommand*{\subject}{Operating Systems and Systems Integration}

\providecommand*{\RPM}{\acro{RPM}\xspace}
\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}

\begin{document}
\begin{enumerate}
\item This is \texttt{hello1}:
  
  \begin{alltt}
#! /bin/sh
echo Hello $@
\end{alltt}%$
or (here is \texttt{hello2}):
\begin{alltt}
#! /bin/sh
echo -n "Hello "
for i
do
    echo -n "$i "
done
echo
\end{alltt}%$
\item Here is some typical output:
  \begin{alltt}
$ \textbf{sh hello1 Nick Urbanik}
Hello Nick Urbanik
$ \textbf{sh -x hello1 Nick Urbanik}
+ echo Hello Nick Urbanik
Hello Nick Urbanik
$ \textbf{sh -x hello2 Nick Urbanik}
+ echo -n 'Hello '
Hello + echo -n 'Nick '
Nick + echo -n 'Urbanik '
Urbanik + echo

$ \textbf{sh -v hello1 Nick Urbanik}
#! /bin/sh
echo -n "Hello "
$ \textbf{sh -v ./hello2 Nick Urbanik}
#! /bin/sh
echo -n "Hello "
Hello for i
do
    echo -n "$i "
done
Nick Urbanik echo
 
\end{alltt}
From the manual page of \texttt{bash}:
\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{-v}] Print shell input lines as they are read.
\item[\texttt{-x}] After expanding each simple command, display the
  expanded value of \texttt{PS4}, followed by the command and its
  expanded arguments.
\end{description}
\texttt{PS4} is a prompt used in tracing execution, which as you can
see above, is normally set to ``\texttt{+\ }''.

\item 
\begin{alltt}
#! /bin/sh

[ $# -ne 2 ] && echo $0 start finish && exit
start=$1
end=$2
i=$start
while [ $i -le $end ]
do
    echo -n "$i "
    i=$(expr $i + 1)
done
echo
\end{alltt}
The question asks for a \texttt{while} loop, so let's use easier
arithmetic evaluation notation:
\begin{alltt}
#! /bin/sh

[ $# -ne 2 ] && echo $0 start finish && exit
start=$1
end=$2
i=$start
while (( i <= end ))
do
    echo -n "$i "
    (( ++i ))
done
echo
\end{alltt}

Let's see an answer using the alternative \texttt{for} loop
syntax with arithmetic evaluation:
\begin{alltt}
#! /bin/sh

[ $# -ne 2 ] && echo $0 start finish && exit
start=$1
end=$2
for (( i = start; i <= end; ++i ))
do
    echo -n "$i "
done
echo
\end{alltt}


\item 
  \begin{alltt}
#! /bin/sh

for file in *.rpm
do
    rpm -K $file
    echo
done
\end{alltt}%$

\item 
  \begin{alltt}
#! /bin/sh

# for file in r*.rpm emacs*.rpm
for file in *.rpm
do
    OUT=$(rpm -K $file) > /dev/null 2>&1
    if echo $OUT | grep -v 'md5 gpg OK' > /dev/null 2>&1
    then
        echo BAD $OUT
    else
        :
        # echo GOOD $OUT
    fi
done
\end{alltt}

\item 
  \begin{alltt}
#! /bin/sh

if ! grep admins /etc/group > /dev/null 2>&1
then
    groupadd admins
done
\end{alltt}

% cut -b6-28 artificial-student-data.txt | grep -i 'chan[^a-z]' | sed 's/ *//'

\end{enumerate}
\end{document}