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% Copyright (c) 2003 by Nick Urbanik <nicku(at)nicku.org>.
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\newcommand*{\labTitle}{Introduction to Cisco Routers}
%% \providecommand*{\SNMP}{\acro{SNMP}\xspace}
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\begin{document}

\section{Background}
\label{sec:background}

There are ten 25xx Cisco routers, so we will work two people with one
router.

The routers are each connected to a computer through a serial cable.
You will configure the router using the \texttt{Terminal} program in
Windows 98\@.   You can start it from the \textsf{Run} entry in the
\textsf{Start} menu.  The connection speed is 9600\,bits per second,
and most computers are connected to the router via COM1\@.  Each
computer has a yellow sticky label showing the host name of the router
it is connected to.

Each router has two synchronous serial \acro{WAN} network interfaces
(\texttt{s0} and \texttt{s1}), and one
Ethernet network interface, \texttt{e0}.

The routers are connected together via their serial interfaces, as
shown in figure~\vref{fig:router-connections}.  We
will not use the Ethernet interfaces in this exercise.
\begin{figure}[htb]
  \centering%
  \includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{router-connections}
  \caption{The connections between the routers.}
  \label{fig:router-connections}
\end{figure}

The interfaces marked \textsf{DCE} can be configured with the speed of
the serial link, which should be 56,000 bits per second.


\subsection{Router Modes}
\label{sec:modes}

There are four modes that the router can be in:
\begin{itemize}
\item user mode: rather limited; you need to be in privileged mode to
  ping, for example.

  Prompt looks like: \texttt{Router>}

\item privileged mode: you can \texttt{ping}, use the
  \texttt{traceroute} command, use the \texttt{show}
  command, and perform router configuration.  You also need privileged
  mode to use the \texttt{debug} command.

  Prompt looks like this: \texttt{Router\#}

\item global configuration mode: you can set up the routing protocol
  here, and select an interface to configure.

  Prompt looks like this: \texttt{Router(config)\#}

\item interface configuration mode: to assign \acro{IP} addresses to network
  interfaces, set the serial clock speed, and other interface
  paramters.

  Prompt looks like this: \texttt{Router(config-if)\#}
\end{itemize}
Type exit to leave each configuration mode.  The prompt changes at
each mode.

Commands will only work in the appropriate mode.

%% Here is a list of useful Cisco IOS (Internetworking Operating System)
%% commands:
%% \begin{alltt}
%% enable
%% show config
%% ip route
%% ping 10.0.0.1
%% telnet 10.0.0.1
%% enable
%% show config
%% show ip route
%% exit
%% $ sudo route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 172.19.32.34 dev eth0
%% $ telnet 10.0.0.1
%% show ?
%% \end{alltt}

Settings for the interfaces are as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item for 2501A, and 2501A2:
  \begin{alltt}
2501A# configure terminal
2501A(config)# interface s0
2501A(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.128
2501A(config-if)# no shutdown
2501A(config-if)# exit
2501A(config)# exit
  \end{alltt}

\item For 2501B, and 2501B2:
  \begin{alltt}
2501B# configure terminal
2501B(config)# interface s0
2501B(config-if)# ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.128
2501B(config-if)# no shutdown
2501B(config-if)# clock rate 56000
2501B(config-if)# bandwidth 56
2501B(config-if)# interface s1
2501B(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.128
2501B(config-if)# no shutdown
2501B(config-if)# clock rate 56000
2501B(config-if)# bandwidth 56
2501B(config-if)# exit
2501B(config)# exit
  \end{alltt}

\item For 2501C, and 2501C2:
  \begin{alltt}
2501C# configure terminal
2501C(config)# interface s0
2501C(config-if)# ip address 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.128
2501C(config-if)# no shutdown
2501C(config-if)# interface s1
2501C(config-if)# ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.128
2501C(config-if)# no shutdown
2501C(config-if)# exit
  \end{alltt}

\item For 2501D, and 2501D2:
  \begin{alltt}
2501D# configure terminal
2501D(config)# interface s0
2501D(config-if)# ip address 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.128
2501D(config-if)# no shutdown
2501D(config-if)# clock rate 56000
2501D(config-if)# bandwidth 56
2501D(config-if)# interface s1
2501D(config-if)# ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.128
2501D(config-if)# no shutdown
2501D(config-if)# clock rate 56000
2501D(config-if)# bandwidth 56
2501D(config-if)# exit
2501D(config)# exit
  \end{alltt}

\item for 2501E, and 2501E2:
  \begin{alltt}
2501E# configure terminal
2501E(config)# interface s1
2501E(config-if)# ip address 10.0.3.2 255.255.255.128
2501E(config-if)# no shutdown
2501E(config-if)# exit
2501E(config)# exit
  \end{alltt}
\end{enumerate}

To see the routing tables:
\begin{alltt}
Router#show ip route
\end{alltt}

To configure the \acro{RIP2} routing protocol:
\begin{alltt}
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Router(config-route)#version 2
Router(config-route)#exit
Router(config)#exit
\end{alltt}

To see the \acro{RIP2} routing protocol broadcasts:
\begin{alltt}
Router#debug ip rip
\end{alltt}
\section{Procedure}
\label{sec:procedure}

\begin{enumerate}
\item Start the terminal program on the Windows machine and check that
  you can communicate with the router by pressing \key{Enter}.  The
  bit rate should be set to 9600\,bps.

  You will now be in \emph{user mode}.  At the \texttt{router>}
  prompt, type in a qustion mark \texttt{?}, then press the
  \key{Enter} key to view the commands a screen at a time.

\item Now enter \texttt{enable} to get you into \emph{privileged
    mode}.
  
\item Most routers are set without any password.  If prompted for a
  password, try these: \texttt{3star}, or perhaps \texttt{5star}, or
  failing that, \texttt{cisco}.  If that still doesn't work, let us
  know.

\item Type \texttt{config} \key{Enter}.  Press \key{Enter} to
  configure the router.  Type a question mark to see what commands are
  available.


\item Now configure the interfaces on your router as shown above in
  section~\vref{sec:background}.

\item Observe the routing tables with \texttt{show ip route}.

\item Start the \acro{RIP2} routing protocol on your router.

\item Observe the routing protocol broadcasts with \texttt{debug ip
    rip}.

\item As your routing table builds up, \texttt{ping} your other
  neighbours.

\item Run \texttt{traceroute} on your neighbours.

\end{enumerate}

\end{document}
